This summer I met with an amazing opportunity to paddle the Moisie River from source to sea. The Moisie flows south 410km from a system of lakes near Labrador City, Labrador descending through massive canyons to the St. Lawrence Seaway near Sept Isles, Quebec. The river, historically an aboriginal trade and travel route, is one of the biggest spawning grounds of atlantic salmon. Topographically the massive canyons are reminiscent of the west coast calling up images of Yosemite rather than a typical east coast landscape.
As of 2003, 321km of the Moisie have been turned into Quebec’s first aquatic preserve under the Protected Areas Strategy. This status prevents industrial development to maintain the river as one of the last unobstructed rivers of the Côte-Nord. The Quebec Government’s purpose in this move is to conserve a waterway representative of regional ecology, protect the river’s Atlantic salmon population, maintain the biodiversity of the river and its surrounding territory, safeguard the outstanding physical features of the river’s landscape, and add to knowledge of salmon and the natural heritage of the Moisie River. This act of anthropogenic preservation is good for the Moisie itself, but questionable as a piece of environmental policy.
In black and white terms, preservation is the total protection from human use of a specific area of land, while conservation is the control of human use and exploitation of an area of land to conserve its ‘natural’ ecology. Historically, the creation of preserves has often served as a license to ruthlessly exploit non-preserve lands such as the clear cutting of west coast forests with the preservation of places like Redwood National Park and the Carmanah Valley. The principles of conservation, in theory, lead to a more conscientious land use framework that acknowledges human needs for land use but discourages total destruction.
Driving to the Moisie up the Trans-Labrador Highway we passed Canada’s biggest hydroelectric dams, numerous clear cuts, and several mines. A few rivers east of the Moisie, Hydro Quebec is preparing to dam the Romaine River. Near James Bay, Hydro Quebec recently dammed the Rupert River. Meanwhile the excavators are still picking away at the Tar Sands in Fort McMurray and much of British Columbia is on fire. This context makes the Moisie feel a bit more like a zoo than a wild river, but hopefully its preservation may act as a reminder of what has been and is to be destroyed.